Ways with words
Find the words from the text which mean the following.
a messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission=envoy
the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect=honorable
harm done to someone in response to harm=revence
a person who holds extreme views in political or religious matters=extremist
sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others=compassion
a person who is believed to speak for God=prohet
the study of the nature of knowledge, reality and existence=philospphy
the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage or destroy=britannica
an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things=prejudice
Match the words on the left with their opposite meanings on the right.
Honour------------------------------------ disgrace
Innocent---------------------------------- guilty
Brutality--------------------------------- kindly
Forgiveness---------------------------- punishment
Illiteracy-------------------------------- literacy
Using dictionary
Dictionary contains at least three forms of information about a word: pronunciation, word class and meaning.
Look at the following dictionary entry of the words ‘humanity’ and ‘humanize’ (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9th edition):
humanity/hjuːˈmænəti/ noun1 [U] people in general: He was found guilty of crimes against humanity. 2 [U] the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine: The story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus. united by a sense of common humanity3 [U] the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane: The judge was praised for his courage and humanity. OPP inhumanity 4(the) humanities [pl.] the subjects of study that are about the way people
think and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy: The college offers a wide range of courses in the arts and humanities.
humanize(BrE also -ise) /ˈhjuːmənaɪz/ verb~sth to make sth more pleasant or suitable for people; to make sth more HUMANE: These measures are intended to humanize the prison system.
Study the dictionary entry above and answer these questions.
What is the headword in the first entry?
Ans:
The headword in the first entry is Humanity.
How many meanings of the word ‘humanity’ are given?
Ans:
There are 4 meaning of the word "Humanity" they are:
people in general
the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine
the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary
the subjects of study that are about the way people think and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy
What do the abbreviations U, OPP, pl, and sth stand for?
Ans:
U- Uncountable
OPP- opposite
pl- plural
sth- something
What is the British English spelling of ‘humanize’?
Ans:
humanise
How is the word ‘humanize’ pronounced?
Ans:
/ˈhjuːmənaɪz
/
If we say every person should have the sense of humanity, which meaning of ‘humanity’ is applied?
Ans:
The quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary / the quality of being humane
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order.
advance analysis amuse assure allergy attain aid anxiety acute agreement
Ans:
Acute, advance, agreement, aid, allergy, amuse, analysis, anxiety, assure, attain
smoke small smart speaking smelling smoothly smuggler smashed smearing smallpox
Ans:
Small, smallpox, smart, smashed, speaking, smearing, smelling, smoke, smoothly, smuggler,
terminal terminate terminology termite terms terrace terrible terribly territory terror
Ans:
Terminal, terminate, terminology, terms, terrace, terrible, territory, terror
Make a list of five new words from the reading text. Using a dictionary, write their meanings and use the words in sentences of your own.
Comprehension
Answer the following questions.
Why did the speaker receive thousands of good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world?
Ans:
The speaker receive thousand of good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world because she was shoot by Taliban while she was educating children in north Pakistan.
According to the speaker, what are hundreds of human rights activists and social workers struggling for?
Ans:
According to the speaker hundred of human rights activists and social worker struggling for their good education, peace and equality.
What has she learnt from Gandhi?
Ans:
She learnt the compassion from Gandhi.
In what sense is peace necessary for education?
Ans:
In the sense of getting education for going school and getting rights us peace is necessary.
According to the speaker, what are the main problems faced by both men and women?
Ans:
According to the speaker poverty, ignorance, injustice, racism, and the deprivation of basic rights are the main problem faced by both man and women.
What is Malala calling upon all governments?
Ans:
Malala calling upon all government for every child should get compulsory education right against terrorism children from brutality and horn etc….
What is the main message of this speech?
Ans:
The main message of this speech is the obstacles whether they be economic, cultural or social everybody is entitle to equality education as a human.
Critical thinking
All children have the right to quality education. How can we ensure this right to every child? Discuss the role of the government and the parents to make sure that every child can attend school.
Ans:
Children are the future of the nation. Until they get quality education the country can’t progress. Our constitution has guaranteed education as the fundamental right of every child, which includes right to access to education and right to free education up to the secondary level. A large number of children in our country are still deprived of this fundamental right. The government and the parents together should work to ensure that children go to school, receive a good quality education, and learn the skills they will need to grow in the 21st century.
Each school requires a safe, friendly environment, and qualified and motivated teachers for quality learning. However, most of the schools in rural areas can’t manage good physical infrastructure, and teaching and non-teaching staff, arranging sufficient financial resources. The government should act towards empowering school leaders and teachers towards professional responsibility, set standards and support them wholly in search of delivering quality learning prospects for the learners.
It is the duty of parents to fulfill the basic needs of their children. They don’t send their children to school and say that they are the victim of poverty though education is free of charge. Instead, they are ready for spending their earnings on unnecessary things. They can provide at least basic learning materials and create pleasant learning atmosphere at home. The children should be encouraged to learn new things every day. The role of parents is not confined to their home but involvement in school activities, too.
Do you think that there is still discrimination between sons and daughters in terms of providing education in our country? What strategies do you suggest to overcome such discrimination against girls?
Ans:
There is still discrimination between sons and daughters in terms of providing education in our country. Gender is the strongest factor of school participation among rural youths in Nepal. Girls are more likely to obtain less years of schooling than boys because their parents consider their children's preparation for their adult marital roles differently based on gender. Girls are supposed to leave their families for their husbands after marriage. Our cultural traditions expect more domestic work to be fulfilled by girls rather than boys. High priority to boys' education is also ascribed to the fact that girls have less time to do school work in order to complete their household chores. Child marriage and poverty mainly cause high drop-out rates for girls. Therefore, young girls don’t get receive formal education.
To overcome the aforementioned discrimination various strategies can be adopted. The workload of girls should be eased at home. Special arrangements should be made for girls in every sphere like library, canteen, playground and the like. Girls’ secondary education initiatives should be prioritized. Schools should be girl friendly and located closer to children’s homes. The government should establish necessary agencies for creating public consciousness for girl’s education. Teachers are required to be gender aware.
A Chinese philosopher Confucius said, “If your plan is for one year, plant rice; if your plan is for ten years, plant trees; if your plan is for one hundred years, educate children.” What is the meaning of this saying? Elaborate this with examples.
Ans:
The sole meaning of the saying is that our goals decide what our actions need to be. If we have short term goals, then short term actions are expected. If we have long term goals, our actions take longer to come to fruition but they will be different. For example, if we know where we want to go and how long it needs to take to get there, the road we take, our means of transportation and who and what we take along with us become clear.
The statement carries the message of the importance of education for prosperity of the society, too. Education plays a crucial role in developments and imparts various skills, values, and awareness. It is responsible for shaping a person. In the long term, education secures greater benefits. Educated children today will develop a very civilized and moral society tomorrow. Children should be provided with the best possible education as an investment which will only benefit the whole society in the future.
Writing
Recall your school days. Write in three paragraphs of an event that you always remember.
Ans:
Try to attempt yourself.
"Education empowers a person". Elaborate this statement giving examples of your personal experience.
Ans:
Education is an important tool which is very useful in everybody at every time or life. Education is what differentness us other living being on earth. It make the man smartest creative on earth. It empower human and gets them ready to face challenges of life efficiently with that being said, education still remain a luxury and not a necessity in our country. Education awareness need to be spread though the country to made education accessible, but remain incomplete without first analyzing the importance of education. Only when the people realize what significance it holds can they consider it a necessity for a good life. Education empowers with the knowledge, skill, and value. The need to build a better world.
Grammar
Word classes
Word class refers to the category of words of similar form or function. Another name of word class is a parts of speech. In the text below, certain words are underlined. While you read, try to identify which word class they belong to.
Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in an attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These nationwide closures are impacting over 60% of the world’s student population. Some 1 billion students and youth across the planet are affected by school and university closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Several other countries have implemented localized closures impacting millions of additional learners. UNESCO is supporting countries in their efforts to mitigate the immediate impact of school closures, particularly for more vulnerable and disadvantaged communities, and to facilitate the continuity of education for all through remote learning.
The Global Education Coalition launched by UNESCO seeks to facilitate inclusive learning opportunities for children and youth during this period of sudden and unprecedented educational disruption. Investment in remote learning should both mitigate the immediate disruption caused by COVID-19 and establish approaches to develop more open and flexible education systems for the future. The Global Coalition members and prospective members are encouraged to pledge for the protection of learners’ personal information, privacy and security.
In the text, the underlined words belong to different word classes or parts of speech. Governments - noun
Temporarily - adverb
Affected - verb
And - conjunction
In - preposition immediate - adjective the - determiner
Classify the underlined words into different word classes.
The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend.
= who- pronoun
wearing- verb
my- determiner
I bought a round table in the supermarket.
=
round- adjective
the- determiner
Alas, she is dead.
=
Alas- interjection
Hari works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy.
=
hard- adverb
wife- noun very- adverb
I have never been to Japan.
=
never- adverb
